Bullion Coins
Silver Eagles 1986-Present
Introduction and Historical Context
The American Silver Eagle program was authorized by the Liberty Coin Act, signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on July 9, 1985. The act was part of a broader initiative to use the U.S. government's silver reserves, which had accumulated to significant levels. The first Silver Eagles were struck on October 29, 1986, and they quickly became popular with both investors and collectors.
The Silver Eagle was intended to serve as a bullion coin for investors seeking a stable and government-backed silver investment. Over the years, the coin has also gained a large following among numismatists due to its classic design, high silver content, and the variety of special issues produced by the U.S. Mint.
Designer
The obverse of the American Silver Eagle features Adolph A. Weinman’s Walking Liberty design, originally created for the Walking Liberty Half Dollar, which was minted from 1916 to 1947. Weinman was a prominent sculptor and designer, and his Walking Liberty is considered one of the most beautiful designs in U.S. coinage history. The reverse of the Silver Eagle was initially designed by John Mercanti, the 12th Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint. Mercanti’s design features a heraldic eagle with a shield, clutching an olive branch and arrows in its talons, with 13 stars representing the original colonies above the eagle’s head.
Design Characteristics
Obverse: The obverse design features the iconic Walking Liberty, with Liberty striding towards the rising sun, draped in the American flag. Her right hand is extended, symbolizing hope, while her left hand carries branches of laurel and oak, representing civil and military glory. The inscriptions "LIBERTY," "IN GOD WE TRUST," and the year of issue are present on the obverse.
Reverse (1986-2021): The reverse design by John Mercanti features a heraldic eagle behind a shield, with an olive branch in the right talon and arrows in the left. The eagle holds a ribbon with the inscription "E PLURIBUS UNUM" in its beak, and above the eagle are 13 stars. The inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "1 OZ. FINE SILVER," and "ONE DOLLAR" encircle the design.
Reverse (2021-Present): In 2021, the U.S. Mint introduced a new reverse design by Emily Damstra, featuring a single eagle in flight, carrying an oak branch in its talons. The design change was part of the Mint’s 35th anniversary celebration of the Silver Eagle program and marked the first major design change in the coin’s history.
Interesting Historical Facts
First Bullion Coin: The American Silver Eagle was the first silver bullion coin issued by the U.S. Mint, and it quickly became one of the most popular bullion products in the world.
Proof and Burnished Versions: In addition to the standard bullion version, the U.S. Mint has produced proof and burnished (uncirculated) versions of the Silver Eagle. The proof coins are struck with specially prepared dies and have a mirror-like finish, while the burnished coins are struck on specially polished blanks and have a matte finish.
Anniversary Editions: The U.S. Mint has issued special anniversary editions of the Silver Eagle, including the 10th anniversary in 1995, the 20th anniversary in 2006, the 25th anniversary in 2011, and the 30th anniversary in 2016. These editions often include special finishes, mintmarks, and packaging.
Reverse Design Change: The 2021 redesign of the reverse marked a significant moment in the history of the Silver Eagle. The new reverse by Emily Damstra reflects a more modern approach while still honoring the coin's original symbolism.
Varieties and Key Issues
Regular Bullion Issues (1986-Present)
1986-Present: Standard bullion issues without mintmarks. These are the most common Silver Eagles and are struck in one troy ounce of 99.9% pure silver.
Proof Silver Eagles
1986-Present: Proof Silver Eagles are struck with specially prepared dies, resulting in a mirror-like finish. These are typically minted at West Point (W), San Francisco (S), and Philadelphia (P).
1993-P: Philadelphia Mint Proof.
1994-P: Philadelphia Mint Proof.
1995-W: Key date, part of the 10th Anniversary American Eagle Set, minted at West Point (W).
Burnished (Uncirculated) Silver Eagles
2006-Present: Burnished Silver Eagles feature a matte finish and are struck on specially polished blanks. They typically carry the "W" mintmark.
2006-W: First Burnished Silver Eagle.
2007-W to Present: Annual releases of Burnished Silver Eagles with the "W" mintmark.
2011-S: San Francisco Mint Burnished Eagle for the 25th Anniversary set.
Reverse Proof Silver Eagles
2006-P: First Reverse Proof issued as part of the 20th Anniversary set, minted at Philadelphia.
2011-P: 25th Anniversary Reverse Proof, minted at Philadelphia.
2012-S: 75th Anniversary of the San Francisco Mint.
2013-W: West Point Mint Reverse Proof as part of the West Point Mint Set.
2019-S: Enhanced Reverse Proof, limited to 30,000 coins, minted at San Francisco.
2020-P: End of World War II 75th Anniversary Reverse Proof, minted at Philadelphia.
Enhanced Uncirculated and Enhanced Reverse Proof Silver Eagles
2013-W: First Enhanced Uncirculated Silver Eagle, part of the West Point Mint Set.
2019-S: Enhanced Reverse Proof, part of the Pride of Two Nations Set with Canada, minted at San Francisco.
2021-W: Type 2 Enhanced Reverse Proof, part of the 2-coin Designer Edition Set.
Special Anniversary and Commemorative Issues
1995-W: 10th Anniversary Set Proof, the rarest regular-issue Silver Eagle.
2006-W: 20th Anniversary Set, included Burnished and Reverse Proof varieties.
2011: 25th Anniversary Set, including a reverse proof and an uncirculated coin from San Francisco (S).
2012-S: San Francisco Set for the 75th anniversary of the San Francisco Mint, including reverse proof and burnished versions.
2016-W: 30th Anniversary Set, featuring edge lettering to mark the anniversary.
2021-W: Type 1 and Type 2 varieties to mark the transition to the new reverse design.
Significant Error and Varieties
2008-W: Reverse of 2007 variety, where 2008 coins were struck with the reverse die used for 2007 coins.
1995-W: The "Key Date" Proof, often considered the holy grail for Silver Eagle collectors due to its low mintage.
Other Notable Mint Marks
2017-S: Proof issue with "S" mintmark, part of a limited release.
2017-W: "Congratulations Set" Proof, special issue with limited mintage.
Type 2 Reverse Silver Eagles
2021: The introduction of the Type 2 reverse design by Emily Damstra, marking a significant design change and starting a new chapter in the Silver Eagle series.
5 oz America the Beautiful Silver Quarter 2010-Present
Introduction and Historical Context
The America the Beautiful 5 oz Silver Quarters were authorized by the America’s Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008, the same legislation that established the standard circulating America the Beautiful Quarters program. The legislation also provided for the production of 5 oz silver bullion coins featuring the same designs as the quarters.
These coins were intended to appeal to both collectors and bullion investors, offering a product that combined the artistic and historical value of the quarter designs with the intrinsic value of silver. The coins are struck in 99.9% pure silver, weigh 5 troy ounces, and have a diameter of 3 inches, making them the largest silver coins ever produced by the U.S. Mint.
Designer
The obverse of the America the Beautiful 5 oz Silver Quarters features the familiar portrait of George Washington, originally designed by John Flanagan in 1932 for the Washington Quarter. The reverse designs vary for each coin and depict scenes or landmarks from national parks and other national sites across the United States. The reverse designs were created by various artists from the U.S. Mint's Artistic Infusion Program (AIP) and sculpted by the Mint’s engravers.
Design Characteristics
Obverse: The obverse design features the portrait of George Washington, along with the inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "LIBERTY," "IN GOD WE TRUST," and "QUARTER DOLLAR."
Reverse: The reverse design for each coin is unique, representing a different national park or site in one of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, or U.S. territories. The designs are highly detailed, taking advantage of the large size of the coin to showcase intricate artwork.
Interesting Historical Facts
Largest Silver Coins by the U.S. Mint: The 5 oz America the Beautiful Silver Quarters are the largest silver coins ever produced by the U.S. Mint in terms of both weight and diameter. Their size allows for more detailed artwork compared to standard bullion coins.
Dual Versions: Each release in the series was produced in two versions: a bullion version and an uncirculated version with a special vapor-blasted finish. The bullion coins typically have a shinier, more reflective surface, while the uncirculated coins have a matte finish and carry the "P" mintmark, indicating they were struck at the Philadelphia Mint.
Limited Mintage: The uncirculated versions of these coins were produced in more limited quantities than the bullion versions, making them particularly popular among collectors. Some early issues, such as the 2010 and 2011 releases, have especially low mintages.
Commemorative Nature: The coins commemorate national parks and other significant sites, making them both a celebration of America's natural beauty and a collectible series that reflects the nation's heritage.
Available Varieties
Bullion Version (2010-2021):
No mintmark.
Typically has a more reflective, brilliant finish.
Intended primarily for bullion investors, but also collected by numismatists.
Uncirculated Version (2010-2021):
Carries the "P" mintmark for the Philadelphia Mint.
Features a special vapor-blasted matte finish.
Produced in more limited quantities than the bullion versions.
Early Releases (2010-2011):
The first issues of the series were produced in very limited numbers, making them highly sought after by collectors. For example, the 2010 Grand Canyon and Yellowstone 5 oz coins are particularly popular.
Five-Ounce Silver Uncirculated Coins with Mint Packaging:
These coins come with a Certificate of Authenticity and special packaging from the U.S. Mint, which adds to their appeal as collectible items.
Notable Coins in the Series
2010 Hot Springs National Park (Arkansas)
2010 Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming)
2010 Yosemite National Park (California)
2010 Grand Canyon National Park (Arizona)
2010 Mount Hood National Forest (Oregon)
2012 Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (Hawaii)
2012 Denali National Park (Alaska)
2014 Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee)
2014 Arches National Park (Utah)
2016 Cumberland Gap National Historical Park (Kentucky)
2021 Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site (Alabama)
The final release in the series, commemorating the Tuskegee Airmen, who were the first African American military aviators in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Gold Eagle 1986-Present
Introduction and Historical Context
The American Gold Eagle program was authorized by the Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, which was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan. The first coins were issued in 1986. The Gold Eagle was created in response to the growing demand for a U.S.-backed gold bullion coin that could compete with other world bullion coins, such as the South African Krugerrand and the Canadian Maple Leaf.
The Gold Eagle is unique among bullion coins because it is minted from gold mined exclusively within the United States. Each coin is composed of 91.67% gold, 3% silver, and 5.33% copper, giving it a rich color and added durability compared to pure gold coins.
Designer
Obverse: The obverse design of the Gold Eagle is based on the famous $20 Saint-Gaudens Double Eagle, which was originally designed by Augustus Saint-Gaudens and first issued in 1907. This design is widely regarded as one of the most beautiful in U.S. coinage history. It features Lady Liberty holding a torch in her right hand and an olive branch in her left, with the Capitol building in the background and rays of sunlight radiating from behind her. The design was slightly modified for the Gold Eagle to include the year of issue and other minor details.
Reverse (1986-2021): The reverse of the Gold Eagle was designed by Miley Busiek and features a family of eagles. The male eagle is depicted flying above the nest, holding an olive branch in its talons, while the female eagle and her hatchlings are shown in the nest. The inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "E PLURIBUS UNUM," "IN GOD WE TRUST," the denomination, and the weight of the coin are also present.
Reverse (2021-Present): In 2021, the reverse design was changed to feature a close-up portrait of a bald eagle by artist Jennie Norris. This marked the first major design change for the Gold Eagle since its introduction and was part of the U.S. Mint’s broader initiative to refresh the designs of its bullion coins.
Available Denominations and Varieties
The American Gold Eagle is produced in four denominations:
1 oz (Face value: $50)
1/2 oz (Face value: $25)
1/4 oz (Face value: $10)
1/10 oz (Face value: $5)
Each denomination contains the stated amount of pure gold, with the total weight of the coin including the additional silver and copper alloy.
Varieties and Special Editions
Bullion Version (1986-Present): The standard bullion version of the Gold Eagle is struck without a mintmark and is intended primarily for investors. These coins are widely traded and are often purchased in bulk.
Proof Version (1986-Present): Proof Gold Eagles are struck with specially prepared dies, resulting in a mirror-like finish and frosted design elements. These coins are produced in limited quantities and are primarily targeted at collectors. Proof Gold Eagles carry the "W" mintmark, indicating they were struck at the West Point Mint.
Burnished (Uncirculated) Version (2006-Present): The burnished Gold Eagle features a matte finish and is struck on specially prepared blanks. These coins also carry the "W" mintmark and are produced in more limited quantities compared to the standard bullion version.
Reverse Proof: Reverse Proof Gold Eagles, where the background is frosted and the design elements are polished, have been issued as part of special anniversary sets. These coins are particularly popular among collectors.
Anniversary Editions:
2006 20th Anniversary Set: Included a Reverse Proof Gold Eagle.
2016 30th Anniversary: Features special edge lettering indicating the anniversary.
2021 35th Anniversary: Marked the transition to the new reverse design by Jennie Norris.
High Relief and Ultra High Relief Editions: The U.S. Mint has also issued limited editions of high relief and ultra high relief Gold Eagles, which feature a more pronounced three-dimensional effect.
Interesting Historical Facts
Saint-Gaudens Legacy: The use of the Saint-Gaudens design on the Gold Eagle connects the coin to a long tradition of American artistry in coinage. The original Saint-Gaudens Double Eagle is considered one of the most beautiful coins ever minted.
Change in Composition: Although the Gold Eagle contains 22 karat gold, it still contains a full troy ounce of pure gold in the one-ounce version. The alloying with copper and silver was chosen for durability and to achieve the desired color.
Minting Locations: While the majority of Gold Eagles are struck at the West Point Mint, some early issues and special releases have been struck at other facilities, including the Philadelphia and San Francisco Mints.
Popularity: The Gold Eagle quickly became one of the most popular gold bullion coins in the world and is widely used by investors seeking a secure, government-backed gold investment.
Platinum Eagle 1997-Present
Introduction and Historical Context
The American Platinum Eagle was introduced in 1997, following the passage of the United States Bullion Coin Act of 1996. This legislation authorized the U.S. Mint to produce and sell platinum coins in denominations of $10, $25, $50, and $100. The Platinum Eagle was created to cater to the growing demand for platinum bullion as an investment and to provide a U.S. government-backed alternative to other world platinum bullion coins, such as the Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf.
The Platinum Eagle quickly gained popularity among both investors and collectors, thanks to its purity, innovative designs, and the backing of the U.S. government. The coin is struck in 99.95% pure platinum and has a legal tender status in the United States, though its value is based primarily on the metal content.
Designer
Obverse: The obverse design of the Platinum Eagle features a portrait of the Statue of Liberty, symbolizing freedom and opportunity. This design was created by John Mercanti, the 12th Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint. The design captures the face of the Statue of Liberty in a close-up view, with a strong focus on her expression and the crown. The inscriptions "LIBERTY," "IN GOD WE TRUST," and the year of issue are present on the obverse.
Reverse: The reverse design of the Platinum Eagle has varied over the years, especially on the proof versions of the coin. The bullion version, however, traditionally features an eagle soaring above the earth with its wings spread, carrying an olive branch in its talons. The original reverse design was created by Thomas D. Rogers, Sr., and is inscribed with "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," the denomination, and the weight and purity of the platinum.
Available Denominations and Varieties
The American Platinum Eagle is produced in four denominations:
1 oz (Face value: $100)
1/2 oz (Face value: $50)
1/4 oz (Face value: $25)
1/10 oz (Face value: $10)
Each denomination contains the stated amount of pure platinum.
Varieties and Special Editions
Bullion Version (1997-Present): The standard bullion version of the Platinum Eagle is intended primarily for investors and is struck in large quantities without a mintmark.
Proof Version (1997-Present): The proof version of the Platinum Eagle is struck with specially prepared dies and features a mirror-like finish. These coins are primarily targeted at collectors and often feature unique reverse designs, especially in the annual themed series.
Reverse Designs on Proof Coins: One of the distinguishing features of the Platinum Eagle proof coins is the series of themed reverse designs, which change annually:
Vistas of Liberty Series (1998-2002): Depicted different views of the American bald eagle in various settings.
Foundations of Democracy Series (2006-2008): Focused on the principles of the U.S. government: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.
Preamble Series (2009-2014): Highlighted aspects of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution.
Torches of Liberty (2015-2016): Focused on liberty and the pursuit of freedom.
Preamble to the Declaration of Independence Series (2018-2022): Explored themes from the Declaration of Independence, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Burnished (Uncirculated) Version (2006-2008): These coins were struck with a matte finish on specially prepared blanks and are rarer than the standard bullion versions. They also carry the "W" mintmark.
High Relief and Ultra High Relief Editions: The U.S. Mint has produced limited high relief versions of the Platinum Eagle, adding depth and dimension to the designs.
Anniversary Editions:
10th Anniversary Set (2007): Included a reverse proof Platinum Eagle.
20th Anniversary (2017): Marked with special releases.
Interesting Historical Facts
First Platinum Coin from the U.S. Mint: The Platinum Eagle is the first and only platinum bullion coin ever produced by the U.S. Mint, filling a gap in the market for American investors and collectors seeking platinum products.
Innovative Reverse Designs: The annual thematic reverse designs on the proof Platinum Eagles have set the coin apart from other bullion coins. These designs often explore complex and symbolic themes, adding artistic value to the coin.
High Purity and Weight: The Platinum Eagle is struck in 99.95% pure platinum, meeting the highest standards for platinum bullion coins. The one-ounce version, in particular, is a popular choice for investors due to its weight and purity.
Collector Interest: While the bullion version is primarily sought after by investors, the proof and burnished versions have become highly collectible, especially those with unique reverse designs and low mintages.
Gold Buffalos 2006-Present
Introduction and Historical Context
The American Gold Buffalo was authorized by the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005, which also included provisions for the issuance of 24-karat gold coins. Prior to the Gold Buffalo, the U.S. Mint's primary gold bullion coin was the American Gold Eagle, which is composed of 22-karat gold. The Gold Buffalo was introduced to compete with other world bullion coins like the Canadian Gold Maple Leaf, which is also made of 99.99% pure gold.
The Gold Buffalo was first issued in 2006 and quickly gained popularity due to its high gold content and iconic design, which pays homage to one of America's most beloved coins—the Buffalo Nickel.
Designer
The design of the American Gold Buffalo is directly based on the original Buffalo Nickel created by James Earle Fraser, a prominent sculptor and designer whose work includes several iconic pieces of American art and coinage.
Obverse: The obverse of the Gold Buffalo features a right-facing profile of a Native American, modeled after a composite of three Native American chiefs—Iron Tail (Sioux), Big Tree (Seneca), and Two Moons (Cheyenne). The design includes the word "LIBERTY" above the portrait and the year of issue to the right, along with Fraser's initial "F" on the neckline.
Reverse: The reverse design features the American bison (buffalo) standing on a mound, with the inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "E PLURIBUS UNUM," and "IN GOD WE TRUST" above the buffalo. The weight and purity of the coin (1 OZ. .9999 FINE GOLD) are inscribed below, along with the denomination of "$50."
Interesting Historical Facts
First 24-Karat Gold Bullion Coin by the U.S. Mint: The American Gold Buffalo was the first 24-karat gold coin issued by the U.S. Mint, meeting the demand for a pure gold investment product.
Historical Design: The coin’s design is based on the Buffalo Nickel, which is considered one of the most beautiful and iconic designs in American coinage history. The Buffalo Nickel was originally issued from 1913 to 1938, and its design has remained a favorite among collectors and the general public.
Limited Mintage: The Gold Buffalo is typically minted in more limited quantities compared to the American Gold Eagle, adding to its appeal among collectors. Some years, particularly during the financial crisis of 2008, saw lower mintages, making those issues more sought after.
High Purity: Unlike the 22-karat Gold Eagle, the Gold Buffalo is struck from 99.99% pure gold, making it a preferred choice for investors who prioritize purity.
Available Varieties
Bullion Version (2006-Present): The standard bullion version of the Gold Buffalo is struck in one troy ounce of 99.99% pure gold. These coins are primarily intended for investors and do not carry a mintmark.
Proof Version (2006-Present): Proof Gold Buffalos are struck with specially prepared dies, resulting in a mirror-like finish and frosted design elements. These coins are targeted at collectors and are produced in limited quantities each year. Proof Gold Buffalos carry the "W" mintmark, indicating they were struck at the West Point Mint.
Burnished (Uncirculated) Version (2008): The U.S. Mint issued a burnished (uncirculated) version of the Gold Buffalo in 2008. These coins were struck on specially prepared blanks and also carry the "W" mintmark. The burnished version was produced in lower quantities and is considered more collectible.
Fractional Gold Buffalos (2008): In 2008, the U.S. Mint issued fractional Gold Buffalos in denominations of 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, and 1/10 oz. These coins were only available for one year, making them particularly rare and sought after by collectors.
Reverse Proof Gold Buffalos (2013): To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Buffalo Nickel, the U.S. Mint issued a special Reverse Proof Gold Buffalo in 2013. This coin features a reverse proof finish, where the background is frosted, and the design elements are mirrored, creating a striking visual effect.
First Spouses 2007-Present
Introduction and Historical Context
The First Spouse Gold Coin Program was authorized by the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005. This legislation not only introduced the Presidential $1 coins but also called for the issuance of gold coins honoring the spouses of each President. If a President served without a spouse, the coin would feature an image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on U.S. coins during that President’s time in office.
The series began in 2007 with coins honoring Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, and Thomas Jefferson’s Liberty (since Jefferson was a widower at the time of his presidency). The program continued through 2016, with the last coin in the series honoring Nancy Reagan.
Designer
Each First Spouse coin was designed by artists from the U.S. Mint’s Artistic Infusion Program (AIP) and sculpted by the Mint’s engravers. The obverse of each coin features a portrait of the First Spouse, while the reverse showcases scenes from their life, accomplishments, or contributions to American society.
Design Characteristics
Obverse: The obverse of each coin features a portrait of the First Spouse, along with their name, the years they served as First Spouse, and the inscriptions "IN GOD WE TRUST" and "LIBERTY." The year of minting and the mintmark (W for West Point) are also included.
Reverse: The reverse design varies for each coin and highlights significant events, symbols, or achievements associated with the First Spouse. The inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "$10," and ".9999 FINE GOLD" appear on the reverse.
Interesting Historical Facts
First Series Honoring First Spouses: The First Spouse Gold Coin Program is the first coin series issued by the U.S. Mint to specifically honor the spouses of U.S. Presidents. It provides a unique historical perspective by highlighting the contributions and lives of the women (and in one case, a man) who played key roles in the lives of the Presidents.
Liberty Designs for Presidents Without Spouses: For Presidents who served without a spouse, the First Spouse coin features a design based on Liberty, reflecting the style of coinage during their administration. For example, the coin for Thomas Jefferson features a design based on the Draped Bust Liberty, and Andrew Jackson’s coin features a Capped Bust Liberty.
Dual Release with Presidential $1 Coins: The First Spouse coins were released in conjunction with the corresponding Presidential $1 coins, creating a paired set that honors both the President and their spouse.
Limited Mintages: The First Spouse coins were minted in limited quantities, making them highly sought after by collectors. Proof and uncirculated versions of each coin were produced, with the proof versions typically being more popular among collectors.
Commemorative Nature: The series not only honors First Spouses but also serves as a historical commemoration of their lives and contributions, many of which have been overlooked in traditional historical narratives.
Available Varieties
Proof Version (2007-2016): The proof versions of the First Spouse coins are struck with specially prepared dies, resulting in a mirror-like finish with frosted design elements. These coins are produced in limited quantities and are highly collectible.
Uncirculated Version (2007-2016): The uncirculated versions are struck with a matte finish and are also produced in limited quantities. They are intended for collectors who prefer a different finish from the proof coins.
Medals for Presidents Without Spouses: For Presidents who served without a spouse, the U.S. Mint issued bronze medals instead of gold coins. These medals feature the same designs as the gold coins but are made of bronze and are larger in size.
Key Coins in the Series
2007 Martha Washington: The first coin in the series, featuring a portrait of the nation’s first First Lady and a reverse depicting her activities at Mount Vernon.
2007 Abigail Adams: Features a portrait of Abigail Adams, with a reverse showing her advocating for women’s rights and education.
2007 Thomas Jefferson’s Liberty: Depicts a Draped Bust Liberty on the obverse, reflecting the coinage design during Jefferson’s presidency, and a reverse based on the 1801 $10 gold eagle.
2009 Sarah Polk: Features Sarah Polk, with a reverse showing her involvement in her husband’s political career, including her role in managing his correspondence.
2014 Edith Roosevelt: Honors Edith Roosevelt, with a reverse depicting her work in restoring and refurbishing the White House.
2016 Nancy Reagan: The last coin in the series, featuring Nancy Reagan and a reverse showing her "Just Say No" campaign against drug use.
Ultra High Relief Double Eagle 2009
Introduction and Historical Context
The 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle was inspired by the original Saint-Gaudens Double Eagle, a $20 gold coin designed by Augustus Saint-Gaudens and first issued in 1907. The Double Eagle is often regarded as one of the most beautiful coins ever produced by the U.S. Mint, and the ultra high relief version represents the culmination of Saint-Gaudens' original design intent.
The concept of a coin with ultra high relief was initially considered by Saint-Gaudens and President Roosevelt during the early 1900s as part of Roosevelt's "renaissance of American coinage." However, the technology of the time made it impractical to produce such coins in large quantities, leading to the creation of high relief coins instead. The 2009 release marked the first time the U.S. Mint was able to strike the coin in ultra high relief, thanks to advancements in minting technology.
Designer
The design of the 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle is based on the original work of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, who created the design for the $20 gold piece. The obverse features a full-length figure of Liberty, holding a torch in her right hand and an olive branch in her left, with the Capitol building in the background. The reverse features a majestic flying eagle with the sun rising in the background, along with the inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "IN GOD WE TRUST," and "E PLURIBUS UNUM."
Design Characteristics
Obverse: The obverse of the 2009 coin retains Saint-Gaudens' original depiction of Liberty, rendered in ultra high relief. The rays of the sun, the detailed folds of Liberty's gown, and the intricate details of the Capitol building are all enhanced by the ultra high relief striking. The date "MMIX" (2009 in Roman numerals) is placed to the right of Liberty.
Reverse: The reverse design features the flying eagle with a dynamic sense of movement, set against a rising sun. The ultra high relief striking adds depth and dimension to the eagle’s feathers and the rays of the sun. The coin also carries the motto "IN GOD WE TRUST," which was not included on the original 1907 Double Eagles but was added in later issues.
Edge: The edge of the 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle features raised stars, a detail that mirrors the original 1907 design. This is a distinctive feature of the coin, adding to its aesthetic and historical value.
Interesting Historical Facts
Realization of Saint-Gaudens' Vision: The 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle represents the realization of Saint-Gaudens' original vision for the Double Eagle, which could not be fully achieved in 1907 due to technological limitations. The 2009 release is seen as a tribute to both Saint-Gaudens and Roosevelt’s desire to elevate American coinage to the level of fine art.
Modern Minting Technology: The 2009 coin was produced using state-of-the-art minting techniques that allowed for the ultra high relief detail that Saint-Gaudens had originally envisioned. Each coin was struck multiple times on special blanks to ensure the depth and clarity of the design.
Limited Production: While the 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle was not produced in limited numbers like many commemorative coins, its unique characteristics and the fact that it was only issued in one year make it a special collectible piece.
Gold Content: The coin is struck from 1 ounce of 24-karat (.9999 fine) gold, unlike the original Double Eagles, which were made of 90% gold. This makes the 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle both a beautiful and valuable investment piece.
Available Varieties
Uncirculated Version (2009): The 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle was issued only in an uncirculated version. It was presented in a high-quality wooden display box, accompanied by a certificate of authenticity from the U.S. Mint. No proof or other versions of the coin were produced.
Packaging Variations: The coin was sold in a special presentation box with a leather-bound booklet detailing the history and significance of the coin. Collectors often seek out these original packaging elements as they add to the coin’s value and collectibility.
Palladium $25 Eagle 2017-Present
Introduction and Historical Context
The American Palladium Eagle was authorized by the American Eagle Palladium Bullion Coin Act of 2010, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama. The legislation required the U.S. Mint to produce and sell palladium bullion coins in a manner similar to the American Gold, Silver, and Platinum Eagles. However, the Mint took several years to develop the coin, and it was not until 2017 that the first Palladium Eagles were released.
The introduction of the Palladium Eagle coincided with a growing global demand for palladium, a precious metal primarily used in the automotive industry for catalytic converters. The coin was intended to provide investors with a new U.S.-backed option for diversifying their precious metals portfolios.
Designer
The design of the American Palladium Eagle is based on two of Adolph A. Weinman’s most iconic works, both of which are well-known in U.S. numismatics.
Obverse: The obverse of the Palladium Eagle features the Winged Liberty design, commonly referred to as the "Mercury" design, from the Mercury Dime, which was minted from 1916 to 1945. The design depicts Liberty wearing a winged cap, symbolizing freedom of thought. The inscriptions "LIBERTY," "IN GOD WE TRUST," the year of issue, and Weinman’s initials ("AW") appear on the obverse.
Reverse: The reverse design is based on Weinman’s design for the 1907 American Institute of Architects (AIA) gold medal. It features a majestic eagle perched on a rock, gripping a branch in its beak, with the sun rising in the background. The inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "E PLURIBUS UNUM," and "1 OZ. Pd .9995 FINE" are included, along with the denomination of "$25."
Interesting Historical Facts
First U.S. Palladium Coin: The American Palladium Eagle is the first palladium coin ever issued by the United States Mint, making it a significant milestone in U.S. coinage history.
Classic Design Revival: The use of Weinman’s designs from the Mercury Dime and the AIA medal ties the Palladium Eagle to some of the most revered art in American numismatics. This choice of design has been well-received by collectors, who appreciate the historical connection.
Limited Production: The Palladium Eagle has been produced in limited quantities, adding to its appeal among collectors. The coin is not minted every year, and the Mint’s decisions on annual production are influenced by market demand and other factors.
High Purity: The Palladium Eagle is made of .9995 fine palladium, meeting the highest standards for precious metal bullion coins. This purity, combined with its official status as a U.S. Mint product, makes it a secure option for investors.
Available Varieties
Bullion Version (2017-Present): The standard bullion version of the Palladium Eagle is struck for investors and does not carry a mintmark. These coins are typically distributed through authorized dealers and are intended for investment purposes.
Proof Version (2018-Present): The U.S. Mint introduced a proof version of the Palladium Eagle in 2018, featuring a mirror-like finish with frosted design elements. These coins are struck at the West Point Mint and carry the "W" mintmark. Proof Palladium Eagles are produced in limited quantities and are highly sought after by collectors.
Reverse Proof Version (2019): In 2019, the U.S. Mint issued a special reverse proof Palladium Eagle, where the design elements are mirrored, and the background is frosted. This version adds an extra level of visual appeal and rarity, making it particularly popular among collectors.
Uncirculated (Burnished) Version (2020): The 2020 release featured an uncirculated, or burnished, version of the Palladium Eagle. These coins have a matte finish and carry the "W" mintmark, similar to the proof version. The burnished finish adds another layer of variety to the series.
American Liberty Gold 2015-Present
Introduction and Historical Context
The American Liberty series was conceived as a way to modernize the representation of Liberty, a core symbol in American coinage that has been featured on coins since the nation's founding. Unlike previous representations, which often depicted Liberty as a classical figure based on Greek or Roman imagery, the American Liberty series features contemporary interpretations that reflect the diversity and dynamism of modern America.
The first American Liberty gold coin was released in 2015 to commemorate the 225th anniversary of the U.S. Mint. The series has continued with various releases, each offering a new and innovative depiction of Liberty.
Designer
The designs of the American Liberty Gold Coins have been created by various artists from the U.S. Mint’s Artistic Infusion Program (AIP) and have been sculpted by the Mint’s engravers. Each coin in the series offers a unique interpretation of Liberty, showcasing different artistic styles and perspectives.
2015 High Relief Gold Coin: The 2015 release featured a design by Justin Kunz, with Liberty depicted as a young woman with flowing hair, holding the American flag. The reverse featured an eagle in flight. This coin was struck in high relief, emphasizing the depth and detail of the design.
2017 225th Anniversary Gold Coin: To celebrate the Mint’s 225th anniversary, the 2017 coin featured a groundbreaking design by Justin Kunz, depicting Liberty as an African-American woman. This was the first time in U.S. Mint history that Liberty was portrayed as a woman of color on a coin. The reverse featured a bold and powerful eagle in flight.
2019 American Liberty High Relief Gold Coin: The 2019 coin depicted Liberty with a headdress of stars, symbolizing freedom and hope. The reverse featured a majestic eagle preparing to land, designed by Richard Masters and sculpted by Joseph Menna.
2021 American Liberty High Relief Gold Coin: The 2021 release showcased Liberty in a forward-leaning stance, holding a torch and an olive branch. The design, created by Beth Zaiken, represented a dynamic and forward-looking interpretation of Liberty. The reverse featured a close-up of a bald eagle.
Design Characteristics
Obverse: The obverse designs vary with each release, but all feature a modern and innovative depiction of Liberty, capturing different aspects of the American spirit. The coins typically include the inscriptions "LIBERTY," "IN GOD WE TRUST," and the year of issue.
Reverse: The reverse designs also vary but often feature powerful and detailed images of eagles, symbolizing strength and freedom. The inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," the denomination, and the weight and purity of the gold are also present.
Interesting Historical Facts
Modern Interpretation of Liberty: The American Liberty series marks a significant shift in how Liberty is portrayed on U.S. coins. By using contemporary designs that reflect the diversity of modern America, the series breaks away from the classical depictions that have dominated U.S. coinage for over two centuries.
High Relief Coins: Many of the coins in the American Liberty series are struck in high relief, a minting process that creates coins with more pronounced and detailed designs. This technique emphasizes the artistic elements of the coin and makes them stand out as modern works of art.
Innovative Themes: The series has introduced themes and imagery that are more representative of contemporary American values, such as diversity, equality, and progress. The 2017 release, in particular, was groundbreaking for its portrayal of Liberty as an African-American woman.
Limited Mintage: The American Liberty Gold Coins are typically produced in limited quantities, adding to their collectibility. These coins are often sought after by collectors for their artistic merit and historical significance.
Available Varieties
High Relief Gold Coins (2015-Present): The primary variety in the American Liberty series, these coins are struck in high relief and are available in one-ounce denominations of 24-karat gold. Each release features a unique design on both the obverse and reverse.
Proof Versions: Some releases, such as the 2017 coin, have been offered in proof versions, which are struck with specially prepared dies to create a mirror-like finish. These coins are typically produced in more limited quantities and are highly collectible.
Silver Medals: In addition to the gold coins, the U.S. Mint has also issued silver medals featuring the same designs as the American Liberty Gold Coins. These medals are an affordable way for collectors to own the designs without the high cost of gold.
Liberty and Britannia
Liberty (United States)
Liberty has been a central symbol in American coinage since the country’s founding, representing the values of freedom and democracy. Over the years, Liberty has been depicted in numerous forms on U.S. coins, with designs created by some of the most renowned American artists and engravers.
Historical Overview
Early U.S. Coinage (1793-1839): The first U.S. coins featured various representations of Liberty, often modeled after classical Greek and Roman figures. Notable early designs include the Flowing Hair Liberty (1793-1795), Draped Bust Liberty (1795-1807), and Capped Bust Liberty (1807-1839).
Barber Series (1892-1916): Designed by Charles E. Barber, this series featured Liberty on the dime, quarter, and half dollar. The Barber designs are characterized by a more realistic and less idealized portrayal of Liberty, with a classical Roman-style profile.
Saint-Gaudens Double Eagle (1907-1933): Augustus Saint-Gaudens’ design for the $20 Double Eagle is considered one of the most beautiful coins in American history. Liberty is depicted in full figure, striding forward with a torch in one hand and an olive branch in the other. This design was revived in the modern American Gold Eagle bullion coins.
Walking Liberty Half Dollar (1916-1947): Adolph A. Weinman’s design for the half dollar features Liberty striding towards the dawn of a new day, with the American flag draped around her. This design is iconic and was later used for the American Silver Eagle bullion coins starting in 1986.
Modern Bullion Coins:
American Gold Eagle (1986-present): Features the Saint-Gaudens Liberty design on the obverse.
American Silver Eagle (1986-present): Features the Walking Liberty design on the obverse.
American Platinum Eagle (1997-present): Features a modern portrayal of Liberty wearing a crown of stars, designed by John Mercanti.
American Liberty Series (2015-present): A modern series that presents Liberty in contemporary forms, reflecting the diversity and dynamism of the United States.
Designers
Charles E. Barber: Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint from 1879 to 1917, responsible for the Barber series.
Augustus Saint-Gaudens: One of the most famous American sculptors, designer of the $20 Double Eagle.
Adolph A. Weinman: Designed the Walking Liberty Half Dollar and the Mercury Dime.
John Mercanti: Designed the obverse of the American Platinum Eagle and served as the 12th Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint.
Varieties
Proof and Uncirculated Coins: Many U.S. coins featuring Liberty are available in both proof and uncirculated finishes, with proofs typically being more sought after by collectors.
High Relief and Ultra High Relief: Coins such as the 2009 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle showcase the Liberty design with enhanced depth and detail.
Anniversary Editions: Special editions of Liberty-themed coins, such as the 2016 30th Anniversary American Silver Eagle, often feature unique characteristics like edge lettering or special finishes.
Britannia (United Kingdom)
Britannia is the female personification of Britain, symbolizing strength, unity, and maritime prowess. The figure of Britannia has appeared on British coins for centuries and continues to be a key symbol in British numismatics.
Historical Overview
Roman Origins: The figure of Britannia was first used by the Romans to personify the province of Britain. The image of Britannia holding a trident and shield has been associated with Britain since Roman times.
Early British Coinage (1672-1970): Britannia was first depicted on British coins during the reign of Charles II in 1672. She appeared on copper coins, halfpennies, and farthings, and later on larger denominations. The figure typically wears a classical helmet, holds a trident, and is accompanied by a shield bearing the Union Jack.
Decimalization (1971-Present): Britannia continued to appear on coins after the decimalization of British currency in 1971. The design of Britannia has evolved, with several modern interpretations reflecting contemporary art styles.
Modern Bullion Coins (1987-Present): The Royal Mint introduced the Britannia gold bullion coin in 1987, followed by the silver Britannia in 1997. These coins are struck in various weights and have become popular investment options.
Designers
Philip Nathan: Designed the original Britannia bullion coin in 1987, which features a modern and powerful interpretation of the figure.
Various Artists: The Royal Mint has commissioned different artists to create new Britannia designs, offering a fresh perspective on this traditional symbol.
Varieties
Bullion and Proof Coins: The Britannia is available in both bullion (intended for investment) and proof (intended for collectors) versions. Proof Britannias are often produced in limited quantities with special finishes.
Platinum and Palladium Britannias: In addition to gold and silver, the Britannia series has expanded to include platinum and palladium coins.
Anniversary Editions: Special editions of the Britannia have been issued to commemorate milestones, such as the 20th and 30th anniversaries of the bullion series.